What is skin cancer?

Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin), caused mostly by unrepaired DNA damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Main Types of Skin Cancer

·       Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common form of skin cancer, arising from basal cells in the outer layer of the skin. It often appears as a pink, skin-coloured, or pearly bump on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, or ears.

·       Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): The second most common form, developing from squamous cells. It frequently looks like a scaly, crusty, or red patch, or a sore that heals and re-opens.

·       Melanoma: The most dangerous and aggressive form of skin cancer, which starts in the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes). It often resembles a mole or develops from an existing mole, showing changes in colour, size, or shape.

·       Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC): A rare and aggressive type of neuroendocrine skin cancer that typically appears as a firm, painless lump on the head, neck, or face

Common Warning Signs

You can monitor for skin changes using the ABCDE guide for melanoma or general skin checks:

·       A new, unusual, or changing growth, bump, or scab

·       A sore or ulcer that refuses to heal after several weeks

·       Moles that change in size, shape, or colour, or have irregular borders and multiple colours

·       Itching, tenderness, or bleeding around a spot

·       You can find more detailed visual guides and patient resources through the Skin Cancer Foundation or Cancer Research UK.